Re: Alternative sources for isotopes
Posted: Tue Jan 23, 2018 11:18 am
Hi Guys,
Thanks a lot for all your replies on my previous queries, I have another question, this is a big and strange one and is related to antibody conjugation.
The range of atomic masses that the Helios, at least, can measure is between the range of 73-209 and I've wondered for quite a while that why is the CyTOF community not using the range to it's maximum potential. I do understand there are some metals that you cannot conjugate antibodies to such as Gold, Arsenic (for obvious reasons) and so on. Then there are some metals which you can't use because they don't come in a stable enough monoisotope. Then there are others which are unavailable as they cannot be sourced and purified to a high enough enrichment to be used, and if they can, they're usually super expensive (e.g. Gd157). Then there are those which can be sourced to a high enough purity and is relatively well priced, but need different conjugation chemistry (e.g. Bi209).
But there are a huge number of metals which I don't think have ever been used for some reason or other. I would like to know these reasons, if anyone has ever tried them and if they could kindly share any information whatsoever they have on them. I've listed all these metals below in order of their atomic mass. For some elements, some of their isotopes overlap, so I chose the element which has the highest abundance for that particular atomic mass. Lastly, I've also written their relative abundance of that particular isotope as a percentage... Here we go:
Rubidium-85 -> 72%
Strontium-88 -> 83%
Niobium-93 -> 100%
Cesium-133 -> 100%
Barium-138 -> 72%
Lanthanum-139 -> 99.9%
Cerium-140 -> 88.4%
(Fluidigm commercially sells metals from the atomic mass of 141 to 176 (minus the Gd157) but they can also be found elsewhere)
Hafnium:
-177 -> 18.5%
-178 -> 27.1%
-179 -> 13.8%
-180 -> 35.2%
Tantalum-181 -> 100%
Tungsten:
-182 -> 26.3%
-183 -> 14.3%
-184 -> 30.7%
-186 -> 28.6%
Ruthenium:
-185 -> 37.4%
-187 -> 62.6%
Osmium:
-188 -> 13.3%
-189 -> 16.1%
-190 -> 26.4%
-192 -> 41%
Platinum:
-194 -> 33%
-195 -> 33.8%
-196 -> 25.3%
-198 -> 7.2%
Thalium:
-203 -> 29.5%
-205 -> 70.5%
Lead:
-206 -> 24.1%
-207 -> 22.1%
-208 -> 52.4%
Bismuth-209 -> 100%
I excluded Mercury (Hg) from the above list, as I'm quite certain we can't use it for antibody conjugation, which occur in the:
(-196 -> 0.2%)
-198 -> 10.1%
-199 -> 16.9%
-200 -> 23.1%
-201 -> 23.2%
-202 -> 29.7%
-204 -> 6.8%
It would be amazing if the CyTOF community could come together with all their brains so that we could form and share a Master List of all the different metal isotopes which can be used for CyTOF and which can't be used and why and where they can be sourced with their prices as well so that we can all benefit from it.
Many thanks for all your help guys and I'm definitely looking forward to the responses!!
Jahangir
Thanks a lot for all your replies on my previous queries, I have another question, this is a big and strange one and is related to antibody conjugation.
The range of atomic masses that the Helios, at least, can measure is between the range of 73-209 and I've wondered for quite a while that why is the CyTOF community not using the range to it's maximum potential. I do understand there are some metals that you cannot conjugate antibodies to such as Gold, Arsenic (for obvious reasons) and so on. Then there are some metals which you can't use because they don't come in a stable enough monoisotope. Then there are others which are unavailable as they cannot be sourced and purified to a high enough enrichment to be used, and if they can, they're usually super expensive (e.g. Gd157). Then there are those which can be sourced to a high enough purity and is relatively well priced, but need different conjugation chemistry (e.g. Bi209).
But there are a huge number of metals which I don't think have ever been used for some reason or other. I would like to know these reasons, if anyone has ever tried them and if they could kindly share any information whatsoever they have on them. I've listed all these metals below in order of their atomic mass. For some elements, some of their isotopes overlap, so I chose the element which has the highest abundance for that particular atomic mass. Lastly, I've also written their relative abundance of that particular isotope as a percentage... Here we go:
Rubidium-85 -> 72%
Strontium-88 -> 83%
Niobium-93 -> 100%
Cesium-133 -> 100%
Barium-138 -> 72%
Lanthanum-139 -> 99.9%
Cerium-140 -> 88.4%
(Fluidigm commercially sells metals from the atomic mass of 141 to 176 (minus the Gd157) but they can also be found elsewhere)
Hafnium:
-177 -> 18.5%
-178 -> 27.1%
-179 -> 13.8%
-180 -> 35.2%
Tantalum-181 -> 100%
Tungsten:
-182 -> 26.3%
-183 -> 14.3%
-184 -> 30.7%
-186 -> 28.6%
Ruthenium:
-185 -> 37.4%
-187 -> 62.6%
Osmium:
-188 -> 13.3%
-189 -> 16.1%
-190 -> 26.4%
-192 -> 41%
Platinum:
-194 -> 33%
-195 -> 33.8%
-196 -> 25.3%
-198 -> 7.2%
Thalium:
-203 -> 29.5%
-205 -> 70.5%
Lead:
-206 -> 24.1%
-207 -> 22.1%
-208 -> 52.4%
Bismuth-209 -> 100%
I excluded Mercury (Hg) from the above list, as I'm quite certain we can't use it for antibody conjugation, which occur in the:
(-196 -> 0.2%)
-198 -> 10.1%
-199 -> 16.9%
-200 -> 23.1%
-201 -> 23.2%
-202 -> 29.7%
-204 -> 6.8%
It would be amazing if the CyTOF community could come together with all their brains so that we could form and share a Master List of all the different metal isotopes which can be used for CyTOF and which can't be used and why and where they can be sourced with their prices as well so that we can all benefit from it.
Many thanks for all your help guys and I'm definitely looking forward to the responses!!
Jahangir